The fact that all states are repeatedly – every 4 and a half years – subject to such human rights scrutiny by other countries and civil society stakeholders makes the UPR procedure unique and instrumental in protecting and monitoring human rights worldwide. An important added value of the UPR is that it brings into the limelight also countries which are for various reasons seldom subject to HRC discussions but whose dire human rights record deserves attention of the international community.

The UPR is conducted by a Working group of the Human Rights Council three times a year (usually 14 countries in one session) and is based on information provided by the state under review, relevant UN human rights bodies and other stakeholders such as national human rights institutions and NGOs. During the UPR Working Group session, states make recommendations the country under review and ask questions on various human rights problems. The state under scrutiny either accepts or rejects the recommendations made. However, the UPR process is a voluntary exercise and there is no mechanism enforcing the implementation of recommendations the country in question endorsed.   

All states had already been at least once subject to the UPR between 2008 and 2011; the second review round is ongoing and will be completed by the end of 2016. The human rights situation in the Czech Republic was reviewed twice, in 2008 and 2012; the third Czech UPR is planned for 2017. The Czech Republic is one of the most active countries in the UPR process.