Citizens of China must have a Schengen visa to travel to the Czech Republic.

Nationals of other countries (resident in China): There is a common list of countries whose citizens must have a visa when entering the Schengen area and those whose citizens are exempt from that requirement. 

Please note that even if you are a citizen of a country whose citizens are generally visa-free, the visa-free regime applies only to short stays up to 90 days of non-profit nature in the Czech Republic. If your purpose of stay in the Czech Republic is short-term employment or another paid activity, you still need to apply for a Schengen visa.

Holders of residence, re-entry permits and long-term visas  in a Schengen State do not need a visa to enter the other Schengen States. Such visits are of maximum 90 days in any 180-day period.