The first settlers from Czechoslovakia began moving to the territory of the present-day State of Israel in the 1930s as part of their enthusiasm for the idea of building a future homeland. The population began to grow in the period just before the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia and World War II. They established kibbutzim (such as Beit Alfa and Degania) at that time so called Mandatory Palestine and actively participated in public life. Among the most significant figures of this era were Max Brod, Hugo Bergmann, Jiří Langer and others.

In 1927, the President of Czechoslovakia, T. G. Masaryk, became the first head of state to visit that time so called Mandatory Palestine. Unfortunately, the vast majority of Jews were not unable to successfully flee Czechoslovakia for Palestine or elsewhere by the beginning of the holocaust era, which led to the tragic deaths of more than 380,000 Czechoslovak citizens of Jewish origin. Another wave of immigrants from the former Czechoslovakia came to Israel after World War II. The trigger for their departure was the year 1948, when the Communists took over the government of Czechoslovakia and simultaneously the independent state of Israel was established.

Nowadays, there are several hundred people of Czech origin living in Israel. The exact number cannot be determined. Some of them are organized into two main compatriot organizations: the Association of Citizens of Czechoslovak Origin (Hitachdut Yotsei Czechoslovakia) and the Israel Czech Republic Friendship Association.